Surplus serves as a project's runway since future rulesets can tap into it within the bounds of its preconfigured distribution limits. Surplus can also serve as a refund or rebate mechanism, where everyone's net contribution price is pushed towards zero as volume outpaces what the project limits are.
By default, surplus also serves as a means for allowing community members to cash out with a portion of the treasury's funds in hand. Any funds in surplus are reclaimable by the project's community by cashing out community tokens along a bonding curve defined by the project's current cash out tax rate. Projects can override or extend this functionality using a custom data hook.
Projects can manage how much money is in surplus (and therefore how much each member can exit with) either by adjusting its payout limits or by using a custom cash out extension.